Full inflection tables for III-ה weak roots in the Qal Perfect.
| Person | Form | Suffix | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3ms | עָשָׂה | ָה- | Qamets + mappiq-less he (vowel letter) |
| 3fs | עָשְׂתָה | ְתָה- | Shewa under R1; -תָה suffix (not just ָה-) |
| 2ms | עָשִׂיתָ | ִיתָ- | Hireq-yod before suffix — key diagnostic |
| 2fs | עָשִׂית | ִית- | Same root; shorter suffix |
| 1cs | עָשִׂיתִי | ִיתִי- | Hireq-yod throughout |
| 3cp | עָשׂוּ | וּ- | He drops entirely before -וּ |
| 2mp | עֲשִׂיתֶם | ִיתֶם- | R1 reduces (chateph under ע) |
| 2fp | עֲשִׂיתֶן | ִיתֶן- | Same as 2mp; nun final |
| 1cp | עָשִׂינוּ | ִינוּ- | Hireq-yod + נוּ |
Key: The hireq-yod suffix (ִי- before consonantal endings) distinguishes III-ה in the
Perfect from all other weak classes. The 3ms ends in ָה-, but the 3fs ends in ְתָה- (not just
ָה- like the strong 3fs). The he drops in the 3cp before -וּ.
| Person | Form | Suffix | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3ms | רָאָה | ָה- | R1 ר (light); qamets under ר |
| 3fs | רָאֲתָה | ֲתָה- | Chateph-patach under aleph (guttural R2) |
| 2ms | רָאִיתָ | ִיתָ- | Hireq-yod |
| 2fs | רָאִית | ִית- | |
| 1cs | רָאִיתִי | ִיתִי- | |
| 3cp | רָאוּ | וּ- | He drops before -וּ |
| 2mp | רְאִיתֶם | ִיתֶם- | R1 reduces |
| 2fp | רְאִיתֶן | ִיתֶן- | |
| 1cp | רָאִינוּ | ִינוּ- |
| Person | Form | Suffix | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3ms | הָיָה | ָה- | R1 ה (guttural) |
| 3fs | הָיְתָה | ְתָה- | Shewa under R1; -תָה ending |
| 2ms | הָיִיתָ | ִיתָ- | Doubled yod visible in some traditions |
| 2fs | הָיִית | ִית- | |
| 1cs | הָיִיתִי | ִיתִי- | |
| 3cp | הָיוּ | וּ- | He drops |
| 2mp | הֱיִיתֶם | — | R1 takes chateph-seghol (guttural); irregular |
| 1cp | הָיִינוּ | ִינוּ- |
Note on הָיָה: The 3cp form הָיוּ is extremely common in narrative. The 3ms הָיָה
(with accent on final syllable) is nearly identical in appearance to the Qal Perfect 3fs of
regular roots ending in ָה-; context determines parsing.
| Person | Strong (קָטַל) | III-ה (עָשָׂה) | III-ה (הָיָה) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3ms | קָטַל | עָשָׂה | הָיָה |
| 3fs | קָטְלָה | עָשְׂתָה | הָיְתָה |
| 2ms | קָטַלְתָּ | עָשִׂיתָ | הָיִיתָ |
| 2fs | קָטַלְתְּ | עָשִׂית | הָיִית |
| 1cs | קָטַלְתִּי | עָשִׂיתִי | הָיִיתִי |
| 3cp | קָטְלוּ | עָשׂוּ | הָיוּ |
| 2mp | קְטַלְתֶּם | עֲשִׂיתֶם | הֱיִיתֶם |
| 1cp | קָטַלְנוּ | עָשִׂינוּ | הָיִינוּ |